Cardiovascular Disorders
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Amsterdam, E.A., Wender, K.N., Brindis, R.G., Casey, D.E., Ganiats, T.G., Holmes, D.R. (2014). AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Circulation, 130, 2354-2394. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000133
Coven, D.L. (2019). Acute coronary syndrome medication. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1910735-medication#10
Switaj, T.L., Christensen, S.R., & Brewer, D.M. (2017). Acute coronary syndromes: current treatment. American Family Physician, 95 (4), 232-240. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0215/p232.html
Warnica, J. (2018). Complications of acute coronary syndromes. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/acute-coronary-syndromes-acs
Angina, Stable
Amsterdam, E.A, Wenger, N.K, et al. (2014). 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 64(24), e139-e228. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.017
Arnett, D.K., Blumenthal, R.S., Albert, M.A., et al. (2019). 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 74 (10), e177-e232. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010
Fihn, S.D., Blankenship, J.C., Alexander, K.P., et al. (2014). 2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS focused update of the guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines, and the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Journal of the American College Cardiology, 64 (18), 1929-1949. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.017
Goff, D. C., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Bennett, G., et al. (2014). 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 63 (25), 2935-2959. doi 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.005
Ohman, E. M. (2016). Chronic stable angina. New England Journal of Medicine, 374 (12), 1167-1176. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcpl502240
Rousan, T. A., Mathew, S. T., & Thadani, U. (2017). Drug therapy for stable angina pectoris. Drugs, 77 (3), 265-284.
Anticoagulation
Barnes, G. D., Lucas, E., Alexander, G. C., & Goldberger, Z. D. (2015). National trends in ambulatory oral anticoagulant use. The American Journal of Medicine, 128(12), 1300-1305.
Brunton, L., Knollmann, B., & Hilal-Dandan, R. (Eds.) (2018). Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
Chan, W. S., Rey, E., Kent, N. E., Corbett, T., David, M., Douglas, M. J., & Smith, R. E. (2014). Venous thromboembolism and antithrombotic therapy in pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 36(6), 527-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30569-7
Doherty, J.U., Gluckman, T.J., Hucker, W.J. Januzzi, J.L., Ortel, T.L., Saxonhouse, S.J., & Spinler S. A (2017). 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for periprocedural management of anticoagulation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 69(7), 871-898. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.024
Fick, D. M., Semla, T. P., Steinman, M., Beizer, J., Brandt, N., ... & Flanagan, N. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 674-694. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.15767
January, C. T., Wann, L. S., Calkins, H., Chen, L. Y., Cigarroa, J. E., Cleveland Jr, J. C., ... & Heidenreich, P. A. (2019). 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 140(2), e125-e151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.01.024
Kearon, C., Akl, E. A., Ornelas, J., Blaivas, A., Jimenez, D., Bounameaux, H., Huisman, M., Moores, L. (2016). Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. CHEST, 149(2), 315-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Polito, N. B., Kanouse, E., Jones, C. M., McCann, M., Refaai, M. A., & Acquisto, N. M. (2019). Effect of vitamin K administration on rate of warfarin reversal. Transfusion, 59(4), 1202-1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15146
Rechenmacher, S.J. & Fang, J.C. (2015). Bridging anticoagulation: primum non nocere. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 66(12). https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.002
Wilber, J. & Shian, B. (2017). Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Current therapy. American Family Physician, 95(5), 295-302.
Weitz, J.I. & Ginsberg, J.S. (2019). Venous thrombosis and embolism. In L. Goldman & A. Schafer (Eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine (26th ed).
Atrial Fibrillation
Al-Khatib, S.M., Allen Lapointe, N., Chatterjee, R., et al. (2013). Treatment of atrial fibrillation. Comparative effectiveness review 119. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. https://www.pcori.org/sites/default/files/PCORI-Executive-Summary-Treatment-of-Atrial-Fibrillation-120716.pdf
January, C. T., et al. (2019). 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 140 e125-e151. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000665
Kovacs, R. J., Flaker, G. C., Saxonhouse, et al. (2015). Practical management of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65(13), 1340-1360. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.01.049
PDR Network. (2020). Amiodarone hydrochloride. Prescribers Digital Reference. https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Amiodarone-Hydrochloride-Injection-amiodarone-hydrochloride-3234#5
PDR Network. (2020). Apixaban. Prescribers Digital Reference. https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Eliquis-apixaban-3039#12
PDR Network. (2020). Dabigatran etexilate mesylate. Prescribers Digital Reference. https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Pradaxa-dabigatran-etexilate-mesylate-100#1
PDR Network. Dronedarone. Prescribers Digital Reference. (2020). https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Multaq-dronedarone-522#15
Congenital Heart Disease in Children
Adler, D.A. (2017). Atrial septal defect. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162914-overview#a8
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2018). Pediatric Practice Guidelines and Policies. (18th ed.). American Academy of Pediatrics Publishing.
Bhimji, S. (2018). Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in adults. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2035949-overview
Bickley, L.S., & Szilagyi, P.G. (2016). Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. (12th ed). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners. (6th ed.) W.B. Saunders.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Data and statistics on congenital heart defects. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/data.html
Charpie, J. (2015). Pulmonary artresia with intact ventricular septum clinical presentation: history, physical. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/898167-overview
Charpie, J. (2017). Transposition of the great arteries. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/900574-overview
Domino, F.J., Baldor, R.A., Golding, J., & Stephens, M.B. (2020). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2020. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hom, L.A., Martin, G.R. (2016). Newborn critical congenital heart disease screening using pulse oximetry: nursing aspects. American Journal of Perinatology, 33(11):1072-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1586108
Kim, L.K. (2018). Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) medication: prostaglandins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/891096-medication
Latin-Hermoso, M.R., Berger, S., Bhatt, A.B. (2017). The care of children with congenital heart disease in their primary medical home. Pediatrics. 140(5): e20172607. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-2607
Luke, A. (2018). Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/891096-overview
Mancini, M. (2016). Tricuspid atresia. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/158359-overview
McElhinney, D. (2019). Truncus arteriosus. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/892489-overview
Patnana, S. (2018). Coarctation of the aorta. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/895502-overview
Petterson, M. (2019). Pediatric complete atrioventricular septal defects. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893914-overview#a5
Ramaswamy, P. (2015). Ventricular septal defects. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/892980-overview
Ren, X. (2019). Aortic stenosis. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150638-overview
Satou, G. (2019). Pediatric congestive heart failure. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2069746-overview
Satou, G. (n.d.). Lanoxin (digoxin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. Medscape. https://reference.medscape.com/drug/lanoxin-digoxin-342432#1
Spironolactone. (n.d.). Epocrates. https://online.epocrates.com/drugs/28210/spironolactone/Monograph
Stout, K. K., Daniels, C. J., Aboulhosn, J. A., Bozkurt, B., Broberg, C. S., Colman, J. M., Hare, G. F. V. (2019). 2018 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 139 (14). doi: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000603
Wang, A., & Nguyen, T. (2015). Digoxin use in modern medicine. Medscape. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/842364
Wilson, A. (2015). Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899491-overview
Windle, M. (2018). Antibiotic prophylactic regimens for endocarditis: guidelines, dental procedures, respiratory tract, infected skin, skin structures, or musculoskeletal tissue procedures. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1672902-overview
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Becattini, C. & Agnelli, G. (2016). Treatment of venous thromboembolism with new anticoagulation agents. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 67(16): 1941-1955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.072
Heit, J. A., Spencer, F. A. & White, R. H. (2016). The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 41(10), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-015-1311-6
Jacobs, B. & Henke, P. K. (2018). Evidence-based therapies for pharmacologic prevention and treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Surgery Clinics of North America, 98, 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2017.11.001
Kearon, C., Akl, E. A., Ornelas, J., Blaivas, A., Jimenez, D., Moores, L. (2016). Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest, 149(2), 315-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Lim, W., Le Gal, G., Bates, S. M., Righini, M., Haramati, L. B., Mustafa, R. A. (2018). American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for the management of venous thromboembolism: diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Blood Advances, 2(22), 3226-3256. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024828
Mazzolai, L., Aboyans, V., Ageno, W., Agnelli, G., Bauersachs, R., Brodmann, M. (2018). Diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: a joint consensus document from the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups of Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases and Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function. European Heart Journal, 39(47), 4208-4218. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx003
Zhao, S., Hong, X., Cao, j., Zhang, J., & Ma, P. (2020). Current evidence for pharmacological reversal using direct oral anticoagulants: What’s new? American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, 20, 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-019-00366-0
Heart Failure
American Geriatrics Society. (2015). 2015 Updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(11), 2227-2246. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13702
American Heart Association (2014). Get with the guideline HF patient management tool. http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@private/@wcm/@hcm/@gwtg/documents/downloadable/ucm_457483.pdf
Chow, S.L., Maisel, A.S., Anand, I., Bozkurt, B., de Boer, R.A., Felker, M., Fonarow, G.C., Greenberg, B., Januzzi, J.L., Kiernan, M.S., Liu, P.P., Wang, T.J., Yancy, C.W., Zile, M.R. (2017). Role of biomarkers for the prevention, assessment, and management of heart failure: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 135, e1054-e1091. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000490
Dumitru, I. (2018). Heart failure medication. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/163062-medication#11
Elkayam, U., Goland, S., Pieper, P., & Silversides, C. (2016). High-risk cardiac disease in pregnancy: Part II. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 68(5), 503-516. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.050
Farag, M., Mabote, T., Shoaib, A., Zhang, J., Nabhan, A.F., Clark, A.L., Cleland, J.G. (2015). Hydralazine and nitrates alone or combined for the management of chronic heart failure: A systematic review. International Journal of Cardiology, 196, 61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.160
Fudim. M., Hernandez, A., & Felker, M. (2017). Role of volume redistribution in the congestion of heart failure. Journal of American Heart Association, 6(8), e006817. https://doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006817
Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. (2016). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 133, e38-e360. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350
Murphy, N., Shanks, M., & Alderman, P. (2019). Management of heart failure using outpatient technology. Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 15(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.07.004
PDR. (2020). Prescribers Digital Reference. https://www.pdr.net/
Savarese, G., & Hund, L. (2017). Global public health burden of heart failure. Cardiac Failure Review, 1(3), 7-11. doi: 10.15420/cfr.2016:25:2
Yancy C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task force on practice guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(16), e147-e239. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019
Yancy, C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B. (2016). 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update on new pharmacological therapy for heart failure: An update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000435
Yancy, C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., et al. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation, 137(7). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000509
Heart Murmurs
Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Cardiovascular disorders. In: Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners. 6th edition. W.B. Saunders.
Christiansen, B. (2014). Endocarditis prophylaxis, Children. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2058895-overview
Domino, F., Baldor, R., Golding, J., Grimes, J., & Taylor, J. (2020). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2020. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Driscoll D.J. (2016). Clinical presentation and therapy of atrial septal defect. In: Rickert-Sperling S., Kelly R., Driscoll D. (Eds.) Congenital Heart Diseases: The Broken Heart. Springer Publishing.
Ferri, F.F. (2020). Aortic regurgitation. In: Ferri's 2020 Clinical Advisor. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.
Ferri, F.F. (2020). Aortic stenosis. In: Ferri's 2020 Clinical Advisor. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.
Ferri, F.F. (2020). Mitral valve prolapse. In: Ferri's 2020 Clinical Advisor. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.
Healio. (2017). Heart murmurs topic review. From description to auscultation. https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/heart-murmurs
Mangla, A. (2014). Heart Sounds. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1894036-overview#a8
Thomas, S.L. (2019). Physiology, cardiovascular murmurs. StatPearls. PMID: 30247833
Windle, M. (2018). Antibiotic prophylactic regimens for endocarditis. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1672902-overview#a30
Hyperlipidemia
American College of Cardiology. (2019). 2018 Guidelines on the management of blood cholesterol. Guidelines made simple. A selection of tables and figures. https://www.acc.org/~/media/Non-Clinical/Files-PDFs-Excel-MS-Word-etc/Guidelines/2018/Guidelines-Made-Simple-Tool-2018-Cholesterol.pdf
Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners (6th ed.). W.B. Saunders.
Cada, D. J. (2017). Drug Facts and Comparisons. Wolters Kluwer Health.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). High Cholesterol Facts. https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/facts.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). National Center for Health Statistics. Cholesterol. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/cholesterol.htm
Grundy, S.M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L. et al (2019). AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 3(24):3168-3209. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002
Khera, A., Won, H.H., Peloso, G.M., Lawson, K.S., Bartz, T.M., Deng, X., van Leeuwen, E.M. … et al. (2016). Diagnostic yield and clinical utility of sequencing familial hypercholesterolemia genes in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 67(22) 2578-2589. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.520
Lenahan, C.M. & Harrigtoon, D. (2016). PCSK9 Inhibitors for familial hypercholesterolemia. The Nurse Practitioner Journal, 12(8); 577-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2016.05.005
Preventive Cardiology Nurses Association. (n.d.) Heart Healthy Toolbox: Navigating the hurdles. https://mk0pcnasitegr8fvdtdc.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Heart-Healthy-Toolbox-Combined.pdf
Rubenfire, M. & Lloyd-Jones, D. (2016). Expert consensus on role of non-statin therapies for LDL-C lowering for management of ASCVD Risk. American College of Cardiology. http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2016/03/30/11/58/2016-acc-expert-consensus-decision-pathway-on-the-role-of-nonstatin.
Hypertension
Benenson, I., Waldron, F. A., Bradshaw, M. J. (2020). Treating Hypertension in Older Adults: Beyond the Guidelines. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 32(3), 193-199. https://doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000220
Bickley, L.S., & Szilagyi, P.G. (2016). Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking (12th ed). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners (6th ed.). W.B. Saunders.
James, P.A., Oparil, S., Carter, B.L., Ortiz E, et al. (2014). 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults. Report from the panel members appointed to the eighth joint national committee (JNC8). JAMA. 311(5), 507-520. https://doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427
Shoulders, B., & Powell, L. (2019). Reaching for goal: incorporating the latest hypertension guidelines into practice. Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 15(1), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.09.011
Whelton, P.K., Carey, R.M., Aronow, W.S., Casey, D.E. Jr, Collins, K.J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., et al. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065
Kawasaki Disease
Cotts, T. B. (2017). AHA Scientific Statement on Kawasaki Disease. American College of Cardiology. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2017/04/21/11/45/diagnosis-treatment-and-long-term-management-of-kawasaki-disease
Hollier, A. (Ed.). (2017). Kawasaki syndrome. In Clinical Guidelines in Primary Care (3rd ed.) APEA.
McCrindle, B. W., Rowley, A. H., Newburger, J. W. (2017). Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 135 (17), e927- e999. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484
Rowley, A. H. (2018). Kawasaki disease: AHA statement and recommendations. Contemporary Pediatrics, 35 (10), https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/pediatrics/kawasaki-disease-aha-statement-and-recommendations
Sosa, T. K., & Steele, R. W. (2018). Kawasaki disease. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-overview
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Aboyans, V., Ricco, J.B., Bartelink, M.L., et al. (2018). 2017 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries. European Heart Journal. 39 (9), 763-816 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095
Gerhard-Herman, M., Gornik, H., Barrett, C., Barshes, N., Corriere, M., Drachman, D, et al. (2016). 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 69 (11), 1465-1508. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000471
Hess, C. N., Hiatt, W. R. Antithrombotic therapy for peripheral artery disease in 2018. JAMA. 2018, 319 (22), 2329-2330. https://doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5422
Rheumatic Fever
Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners (6th ed.). W.B. Saunders.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Group A Streptococcal disease. https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/acute-rheumatic-fever.html
Gewitz, M. H., Baltimore, R. S., Tani, L. Y., Sable, C. A., Shulman, S. T., Carapetis, J., Kaplan, E. L. (2015). Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography. Circulation, 131 (20), 1806-1818. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000205
Martin, J. (2016). The Streptococcus pyogenes carrier state. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK374206/
Wallace, M. A. R. (2019). Rheumatic fever. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236582-overview
Watkins, D.A., Johnson, C.O., Colquhoun, S.M., et al. (2017). Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatic heart disease, 1990-2015. New England Journal of Medicine. 377, 713-722. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603693
Varicose Veins
Cohain, J. (2018). Varicose veins in pregnancy. Midwifery Today, 128 (128), 16-17. https://midwiferytoday.com/mt-articles/varicose-veins-in-pregnancy/
Cole, G., Nabili, S. (2016). Varicose veins and spider veins. MedicineNet. http://www.medicinenet.com/varicose_veins/article.htm
Deepak Sudheendra, M. (2014). Varicose vein stripping. Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002952.htm
Kshitij, A., Chandradip, P., Simran, B., Gurjit, S., & Harshad, G. (2018). A study of etiology of secondary varicose veins. Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, 7 (3), 104-107. doi:10.5455/aces.20171001101706
Liaudginas, T., & Kazlauskaitė, V. (2017). Varicose veins surgical treatment: Endovenous laser ablation versus open surgery. Porto Biomedical Journal, 2 (5), 242-242. doi:10.1016/j.pbj.2017.07.154